![]() ![]() ![]() Buttermilk – You can also make your own buttermilk by combining vinegar or lemon juice with milk.Brown Sugar – Because this is a chocolate cupcake, light or brown sugar will work.Granulated Sugar – You can use white table sugar or organic cane sugar (my favorite).Salt – Salt balances and enhances flavors.Baking Powder and Baking Soda – To leaven the cupcakes and enhance the texture.Unsweetened Cocoa Powder – Dutch process would be great because it has a strong cocoa flavor without being too bitter.All-Purpose Flour – To make a gluten free version, use my gluten free chocolate cupcake recipe.I like using maple syrup for its buttery flavor. However, any sweetener of choice will work. Cornstarch – To thicken the cherry filling.Plus, for the cherry on top, it is necessary! Fresh Cherries – I will always recommend fresh fruit when it is in season.What You Need To Make Black Forest Cupcakes Ingredients Or, if you are looking for the same flavor combo in a dessert other than cake, try the black forest chia pudding or black forest overnight oats. Chocolate + Cherries + Whipped Cream = cake deliciousness. Regardless of where the name comes from, the combination of flavors is magical. There are different claims on the origination of the name – after the actual Black Forest Mountain range a German booze the guy that claims he invented it and his residence proximity to the Black Forest. ![]() The original Black Forest Cake recipe comes from Germany. Why is it called Black Forest Cake (or cupcake) Sugar – Sugar is hygroscopic – meaning it attracts and holds water, thus a moister cake.To counteract that, we use a neutral oil to keep the cake incredibly moist without compromising the cocoa flavor. Oil – Cocoa powder has a tendency to dry out cake.Buttermilk – Buttermilk adds moisture and it also tenderizes the cake.And the more I bake and research, I am finding that nearly all of the ingredients in these black forest cupcakes play a key role in moist cakes: I talked a bit about what keeps cakes moist in the mini sweet lemon cakes post. Small Batch – Whether you need a pretty dessert for a small celebration, or you just want to satisfy your chocolate craving, these cupcakes fit the bill!.And we celebrate the summer fruit by making a compote to go on top of the cupcake. Fresh Cherry Compote – The hallmark of black forest desserts is the cherry.They will simply be gobsmacked when they see how sophisticated they look! They Look Fancy – Nobody has to know how easy it is to make these cupcakes.We get the incredibly soft cupcake texture from oil and buttermilk. No Eggs – That’s right, no eggs in these cupcakes.Why You Should Make These Black Forest Cupcakes Super moist chocolate cupcakes topped with a fresh cherry compote, fluffy whipped cream, and the idyllic cherry on top. That is where these black forest cupcakes will take you. But how about keeping the cherry on a the decadent side by pairing it with rich chocolate! Summer’s out, cherries out! Sure, we can enjoy some creamy fresh cherry ice cream or a refreshing cherry cream soda now that it is cherry season. This recipe Small Batch of Chocolate and cherry Cupcakes ![]()
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Return shipping cost is the customers responsibility.Additional or upgraded shipping cost is not refundable.Our Customer Service department will issue a Return Authorization Number for any uncut, unwashed, unaltered fabric within 30 days of purchase, and issue a credit for the full cost of that fabric including the shipping cost up to our $9.99 flat rate. Simply contact our Customer Service department for a return authorization number. Since offers the best fabric we could find, we confidently offer a 30-day no questions asked return policy. which cannot be tracked.įor orders shipping to approved destinations UPS rates appear during checkout for you to choose from. UPS ground and expedited options are also offered for your convenience.įREE Sample Shipping within the Continental United States via U.S.P.S. Alternative shipping methods can be arranged. In the event timing is important please let our customer service department know. or Fed-Ex to reach your location from our New Jersey warehouse. Please allow an additional 1-7 days for UPS, U.S.P.S. Orders received afterwards, process the following business day. Orders are picked up from our east coast warehouse Monday-Friday at 4:00PM est. If your project is time sensitive please contact us. Please note with current high sales volume most orders currently ship within one – 4 days. Dressmaking Fabric Pleated Faux Leather - Rose Gold Fabric Godmother. We Ship Most “In Stock” orders to customers in the continental US within 48 hours. Add to Favorites LITTLE BRIER ROSE Fat Quarter Bundle 18 pieces - Riley Blake Designs - Fairytale - Princess - Antique Gold Sparkle - Cotton Quilting Fabric (2.8k). 85Ī FLAT RATE of $9.99 is offered for all orders under $75.00 shipped within the Contiguous United States.įREE SHIPPING is offered for all orders over $75.00 shipped within the Contiguous United States. Riley Blake, Little Brier Rose, Pink Quilt Panel Antique Gold Sparkle Fabric, SC11070, 100 Quilting Cotton Fabric (5k) 11.25. Shine bright and shop sequin fabric today.Call to confirm stock availability if choosing expedited shipping. ![]() ![]() Sequin fabric is always sold at wholesale prices, by the yard, or in bulk by the roll. Anything is possible with sequin fabric… GLITTER-ALLY. Be sure to check out the Fabric Wholesale Direct Blog for a sequin fabric mermaid costume sewing tutorial for inspiration. Additionally, use sequin fabric to craft decors like backdrops, table covers, curtains, and tote bags. Sew dresses, skirts, jackets, costumes, and more with sequin fabric. Juya Delight 60' x 102' Light Gold Sequin Tablecloth Rectangle Sparkle Table Cover for Wedding Birthday Party Festival Ceremony Cake Dessert Table. Sequin fabric is available in a variety of shapes, colors, and sizes.īe the life of the party with sequin fabric apparel or add some flair to your home with sequin fabric décor. 3 Feet 1 Yards-Gold-Sequin Fabric, by The Yard, Sequin Fabric, Tablecloth, Linen, for Xmas Decor (Gold) 4.6 out of 5 stars 1,583. After the weaving process, sequins, paillettes, and spangles are bonded or embroidered to the entire sheet of sequin fabric. Woven or knit, sequin fabric can be made or blended from any fibers, such as polyester, nylon, spandex, and silk. Sequin fabric is a shiny and colorful fabric embellished with decorative ornaments. ![]() ![]() They also make it easier for developers to maintain and update their applications, as they only need to make changes in one codebase. One of the main advantages of cross-platform development frameworks is that they provide a consistent user experience across different devices and platforms. These libraries allow developers to write platform-agnostic code, meaning it can run on any platform without modification. Then, these frameworks also work by using a set of libraries and tools that abstract away the differences between platforms.And this approach saves time and resources, eliminating the need to write other codes for each platform. These frameworks enable developers to write code once and deploy it across different platforms, such as iOS, Android, and Windows.How do Cross-Platform Development Frameworks Work?Ĭross-platform development frameworks are software tools that allow developers to create applications that can run seamlessly across multiple operating systems and platforms. As technology evolves, it will be interesting to see how these frameworks continue to innovate and push the boundaries of what is possible in mobile app development. React Native, on the other hand, provides a more native experience to users and is a perfect choice for building applications that require a lot of animations and complex interactions.īoth Flutter and React Native have unique strengths and have played a significant role in the evolution of mobile app development. Regarding which framework is better, it ultimately depends on the project's specific needs.įor example, Flutter is known for its high performance and ease of use, making it an excellent choice for building complex applications. React Native's popularity can be attributed to its ability to provide a native experience to users, even though the application is built using JavaScript. React Native uses JavaScript and allows developers to create applications that run on both iOS and Android devices. On the other hand, React Native was developed by Facebook in 2015 and is widely used by developers for building cross-platform mobile applications.Additionally, Flutter's hot reload feature allows developers to make changes to the code and immediately see the changes in the app, making the development process faster and more efficient. Flutter uses the Dart programming language, designed to be easy to learn and use. Google developed Flutter in 2017, and since then, it has become a popular choice for developers due to its high performance, ease of use, and extensive library of pre-built widgets.Both frameworks have revolutionized the mobile app development industry by allowing developers to create high-performance, visually appealing, and fully-functional applications that work seamlessly across various platforms. History of Flutter and React Nativeįlutter and React Native are developers' most popular cross-platform development frameworks for building mobile applications. ![]() Now that you know what the two frameworks are, look at some of the differences between the two. It gives developers an easy way to build and deploy visually attractive, natively compiled applications for mobile (iOS, Android), web, and desktop, all using a single code base. Flutter is a cross-platform mobile app development framework developed by Google. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() speed are used as modifiers to indicate whether the solution is deemed by the game as size and speed optimized.įor example, means the solution is both size and speed optimized. operation of machinery, construction activities, vehicular movements, and acceptable human exposure. If they're equal, put one of them in the outbox. ![]() Even though the programs are created through a drag-and-drop interface within the game, copy/paste from/to the clipboard works as assembly source code seen in this repo. Our code: This code will complete the following optimisation challenges: Size and speed Year 13 - Equalization Room Objective: Get two things from the inbox. HR Practitioner 107 senior and line managers in strategy execution, helping to improve planning from the confer- ence room to the marketplace and impelling. By offering special benefits and perks, employers hope to be seen more favorably by employees, which may increase retention rates. This repo contains working solutions, in hopes of exchanging ideas to collaboratively come up with the most size/speed optimized solutions (or simply to help those out there who are stuck). Automate it by programming your little office worker! If you succeed, you'll be promoted up to the next level for another year of work in the vast office building. In each level, your boss gives you a job. -> Once a level has a combined solution for size and speed, I won't add any single-objective solutions anymore - no matter how fast / short they may be.Human Resource Machine is a fun, little, dark-humoured puzzle game that either can teach you assembly from the ground up or allow you to put your existing assembly knowledge into practice in coming up with speed/size optimized solutions to increasingly hard problems.I also decided not to feature solutions with a size bigger than 60, since the guide is already long enough as it is.If it's a tie, smaller size will be chosen.or in other words: if the sum of size + speed is lower than the current sum.Speed objective: If the number for speed you cut is higher than the amount of commands added, or vice versa. ⢠But better speed with the same size is welcome Human Resource Machine - Equalization Room. The file naming convention used is: Under the solutions folder, inside a subfolder called --., ..There are 8 inputs and 4-5 of them are 0. In this puzzle, you must move all 0 inputs to the Outbox. However, my solution (the standard programming solution) takes 28 steps. In Year 9, the Speed Challenge is to get it in 25 steps. Besides the belief that one changes people first, these power-equalization. In Human Resource Machine, each stage starting with Year 6 has two bonus objectives. Size objective: If it's shorter, regardless of the steps Human Resource Management Industrial and Employment Relations Industry.After that, the condition for Size will be applied.Combination: Combined solutions will always replace split solutions.Feel free to post your solutions in the comments! Welcome back to Human Resource Machine Now the going's really getting tough - to the point each year is its own episode See the full description for links. ![]() ![]() ![]() Army in June 2008, but he never completed basic training: he was terminated after three months due to mental health concerns. Shortly after graduating Bryan Adams High School in Casa View, Garcia was then enlisted in the U.S. He had been living in a motel before the shooting. During his time working as a security guard, Garcia received firearms training. Garcia had worked as a security guard for at least three companies in preceding years. Mauricio Martinez Garcia, aged 33, of Northeast Dallas was the shooter. For other uses, see Mauricio Garcia (disambiguation). Other sources indicated that the injured included the mother of the two deceased sisters, and the other child of the family of Korean descent who was the sole survivor of his family. As of May 10, authorities had released no information regarding the identities of the wounded. Medical City Healthcare said that it was treating victims ranging from 5 to 61 years old, with most of the victims being transported to Medical City's McKinney facility. Seven others were injured, with three in critical condition. Those killed were: Kyu Song Cho, 37 Cindy Cho, 35 James Cho, 3 Aishwarya Thatikonda, 27 Daniela Mendoza, 11 Sofia Mendoza, 8 Christian LaCour, 20 Elio Cumana-Rivas, 32. Nine people were killed, including the shooter. Authorities have not disclosed the exact types of firearms found at the scene. He used an AR-15 style rifle during the shooting. Three guns were found on the gunman's body five more were recovered from his car. Bodycam footage from the officer who shot the shooter was subsequently released. ![]() Allen police chief Brian Harvey said that an officer who was at the mall on an unrelated call, after hearing gunshots, engaged and killed the shooter. that law enforcement was at the Allen Premium Outlets. The Allen Police Department said that calls from the mall came in at 3:40 p.m., and tweeted at 4:22 p.m. ![]() A military veteran attempted to give CPR to at least three of the victims, and recounted that many victims were rushed to a hospital as they were unable to be triaged at the site due to the severity of the injuries. A store employee recounted that those running from the shooter alerted others of the shooting and helped shelter customers and employees in the backrooms of the store. Witnesses said the shooter appeared to be firing indiscriminately and fired dozens of shots. The gunman shot 15 people within three or four minutes. Wearing black tactical gear, the shooter exited a silver sedan and shot into a crowd outside the mall. The shooting began on May 6, 2023, at 3:36 p.m. Shooting External videoīODYCAM: Allen police release video showing officer who shot and killed shooter The center is located 25 miles (40 km) north of Dallas, Texas, in a northern suburb of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Opened in September 2000, Allen Premium Outlets is a large outdoor mall owned by Simon Property Group. His body was tattooed with fascist symbols including SS lightning bolts and a large swastika. He committed the massacre while wearing a tactical vest embroidered with a "RWDS" (" Right Wing Death Squad") patch. Martinez Garcia's extensive online writings showed that he self-radicalized, adopting and promoting white supremacist, neo-Nazi, and " incel" ideologies, and posting hateful comments against women, Jews and racial minorities in the lead-up to the attack. The shooter, 33-year-old Mauricio Martinez Garcia, was a far-right extremist, although his specific motive for the spree killings was not clear. The perpetrator was fatally shot by a police officer already in the area on an unrelated call. ![]() Nine people, including the perpetrator, were killed during the shooting, the youngest of whom was a three-year-old boy, and seven others were injured. On May 6, 2023, a mass shooting occurred at Allen Premium Outlets, an outlet center in Allen, Texas, United States. ![]() ![]() My mission is to empower people how to take control of their food supply. There is a need, and we have a simple way. Together, their teacher and I taught students how to plant seeds, watch them grow, love on them and then 8 weeks later harvest and celebrated with a salad lunch. We were shocked to discover that for some of these students, this was the first salad they had ever eaten and many came up for second and third servings. With purpose and a goal, in the spring of April 2016, I had the privilege of working with a Grade 6 classroom. It's easy to rinse the soil from soil grown seedlings from your local. On the flip side, the main benefit of starting with seedlings is immediacy and variety. You’re not limited by a fixed schedule, or how much time you have to devote to the effort from week to week. Seeds or Seedlings There are major benefits to starting from seed, and the Seedling Starter Kit that came with your Tower Garden includes everything you need to start growing from seed. I came home from that conference with a burning desire to work with a classroom here at home. Growing your Tower Garden or Juice Plus+ income is simple. Each guide includes plant-specific info about your Tower. Not only that, but growing cilantro actually comes with a spice Discover guides for some of the most popular indoor and outdoor Tower Garden plants. Cilantro is the perfect crop for beginners and experienced gardeners alike. A teacher shared her experience of growing a tower in her classroom and I realized that many of our young people are not being taught where food comes from. Tower Garden Grow Guide: How to Grow Cilantro. footprint, Tower Garden fits almost anywhere. ![]() My passion was ignited in the fall of 2015 when I attended a leadership conference. green thumb or not We’ve got you covered when it comes to planning your garden, so get ready to get planning and planting 1. She built a greenhouse of living towers, growing fresh produce providing a healthy food source for families, and an education center to teach people how they can grow their own. ![]() Tower Garden seedlings can also be shipped from our farm. ![]() A dear mentor of mine shared her dream with the world. With over 13 years experience, Living Towers can help you grow your own Tower Garden or Tower Farm. In our world today food lacks nutritionally, in part by being picked early so that it can be shipped from long distances, as well as low nutrient content in how plants are grown. Did you ever pick a carrot rub off the dirt and eat it?! It tastes so good and sweet, no comparison to the carrots you purchase in the grocery store today. Summer memories of growing up in Saskatchewan included weeding the family garden and the best part was eating the fresh food from it. ![]() ![]() Seeing your lads equalise from a whipped cross minutes after you specifically demand that type of delivery is fists-to-the-skies joyous. ![]() That might sound like a negative to anyone who’s skipped a few editions, but it’s not once comfortably embedded. There’s no breezing through weeks of the season in an evening anymore. Matchdays, too, are wonderfully elaborate, with press conferences, team talks and intricate tactical options creating the sense that each is a unique occasion. ![]() Do you start a star player returning from injury, despite your physio warning he’ll only last 30 minutes? Do you bollock an underperforming full-back at half-time, or calmly reassure him he can turn it round? At a press conference, do you fancy QPR or Cardiff to win at the weekend-and if you choose one, will the other use that as dressing room bulletin-board material next time you meet? Back then, transfers and matches were the big time sink now it’s the tiny decisions made every few seconds which tax the grey matter and cause whole weekends to disappear. They perform these roles satisfactorily, but it’s not ideal.Īfter mastering the menus-this year it took me two hours, novices are looking at 4-5-you see why ardent fans back ‘their’ game so lustily, and praise the deeper features that weren’t there in the supposed golden years. The only way for novices to bed in is by initially palming key tasks, such as training and scouting, off to AI-controlled staff members. Where once player searches, team selection and vital stats were a cursor-click away, now every screen is a spaghetti junction of words and digits and pie charts, constructed upon a foundation of assumed knowledge, from which all roads seem to reach dead ends. ![]() The main interface is certainly overwhelming for new or lapsed players. Let’s kick off with those repeated criticisms-or are they compliments?-then. ![]() ![]() ![]() The remarkable advantage though is because this program is connected to the MyHeritage then you can match your tree to other members’ trees on the website. This is done by loading into the program a GEDCOM file. One of the great advantages of this program, (similar to the others that I have reviewed here), is that you can import your family tree from elsewhere. And you can create and print out maps detailing where your ancestors originated from and migrated to. There are plenty of reports and charts for you to choose from with this free version. So, there is no individual, pedigree, or descendant view with this version of the program. You get a 3 person generation view of your family. The same goes for the number of people that you add to your tree. So, you can add as many facts, notes, sources, and multimedia such as photos, sound, and video clips as you like. You are not limited to the amount of information that you enter for your ancestors. They even provide DNA testing kits through MyHeritage DNA where you can find out even more about your ancestry and possibly connect to living relatives as well. This free program is brought to you by the extremely popular genealogy company MyHeritage where you can find billions of genealogical records containing your ancestors. ❌ No ancestor/descendant type charts or reports ✔ Automatically searches genealogical sites If you do not mind that then this program can certainly work for you. So, if your ancestor is from a foreign land then displaying information in their language in your tree will be impossible.Īs this is a free version of Ancestral Quest 15 then you will get the obvious nag screen when you first start up this program. The program is also limited to the fact that it cannot handle international character sets. The free version cannot, unfortunately, create ancestor or descendant type charts, relationship, or timeline reports. But adding them to reports can become cumbersome as you cannot add them where you would like them to be. You can add media to your family tree such as photos which is good. Ancestral Quest Basics Rating and Details These background searches check to see if there are any matches to what you have entered. This means is that while you are working on your family tree in the background there are searched being conducted on these two sites. What I like about this program, (and what I find surprising), is that it connects to two genealogical websites – RootsWeb and Ancestry. With that said, read on and you will see what is the best free genealogy software for you to download today! Discussed In This Post:Įxpress Your Thoughts Below! I would love to hear from you. And as well as the tools and features that you can expect from the upgraded version. ![]() These free versions are designed more as a taster as to what you can expect from the full version.īy trying out the following programs you can get a feel of the layout and interface. ![]() Tools and features that are included in the program.Limitations of the free programs, except for Gramps.The operating system that the program will be on, either Windows or Mac.Therefore you will need to make up your mind which program is right for you based on these considerations. Please check them out so that you can start to trace your ancestry today! Before checking the free software!įree is good but there are drawbacks though when it comes to such a genealogy software program. In this post, I will show you the best free genealogy software downloads. Overall, it is one of the worst Expendables film alongside the third film which the series is running on fumes.Family history research doesn’t have to be expensive some resources and products are available to you for free. The director Scott Waugh did a poor job in handling the action sequences and giving every talent a spotlight in the action. Most explosions looks like a bad video game effects. The direction relies heavily on cgi on the action which nothing is as practical compared to the other films. Mostly everyone is under utilized on screen while the action focuses on Statham. While new faces like 50 Cent, Jacob Scipio, Levy Tran, Iko Uwais, Tony Jaa, and Megan Fox are all decent. Dolph Lundgren and Randy Coulture being the only original cast was okay. While Stallone is sitting majority of the film out. Jason Statham is on the spotlight and taking the lead role which is great. The Expendables 4 is a pretty bad action film that is a franchise that is supposed to have a stardom of actors and brutal action flick that pays homage to the 80s action films. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() This car is based on the Lexus RC F which is very suitable for those of you who are not really racing kids and like very simple things. The update also added new street races, 17 highly-customizable tuner vehicles. If you look at the visuals, this car is very attractive and very beautiful. The heist featured in the update, which consists. One of the best Los Santos Tuner cars in GTA 5 is the Emperor Vectre. The LS Car Meet mod shop is the only shop offering the Low Grip Tires added with the Los Santos Tuners update. You can modify your vehicle, and other players can watch the modifications taking place in real-time. Which car do you think it is? Emperor Vectre Emperor Vectre (Source: GTA Expert/Youtube) Los Santos Tuners DLC for GTA Online introduced 17 new vehicles that are mainly designed for street racing, but only some of these cars are worth your investment. GTA 5 & GTA Online: Best Tuners Vehicles List - Ranked by Lap Times. Mod Shop: A mod shop that is easily accessible by sitting in your vehicle and using the in-car vehicle menu. Players will be spending 1,260,000 to get the Warrener HKR added to their car collection. The Obey Tailgater Ss stats are somewhat unimpressive. According to several sources, this is the best tuner car in GTA 5. GTA Online San Andreas Mercenaries Updates Find Lobbies & Players Guides & Strategies Vehicles Content Creator Help & Support. Every Tuner Update Car In GTA Online 10 Obey Tailgater S. So, for those of you who are looking for the best tuner car, you can search and find which one you think is the coolest that you can use to race in GTA 5. Also read: Locations of Military Bases in GTA 5 Best Los Santos Tuner Car Recommendations There are a total of 17 new cars arriving in GTA Online over the summer, and you can find ten of those now that the Los Santos tuners update has arrived. So, there are 5 car tuner recommendations for GTA 5 in 2023. The car is based on the real-life sixth generation Toyota Celica. We'll likely get the names of the next 7 from datamined files when the update launches.What is LS Car Meet? which allows the players to win race matches and this car as a support for your race so they can win with the best tuner car choices.įor LS Car Meet itself can make fans GTA 5 You can customize the tuner's car according to your wishes and of course that way it can provide a very tense racing experience. Next on our list is the Karin Calico GTF, a 3-door sports liftback featured in GTA Online as part of the Los Santos Tuners update. There are 17 tuner cars in GTA Online, with all of them being introduced in the Los Santos Tuners update. GTA Online Los Santos Tuners Car List & PricesĪs mentioned, 10 are available at launch, and these are the 10 which have been revealed so far. The remaining 7 will likely be released each week when the GTA Online Weekly Update is released on a Thursday. Los Santos Tuners will include 17 new cars in total over the course of the summer.ġ0 of those new cars will be available when the new update launches on July 20th. The new Los Santos Tuners update is also promising a lot more modification features too. In GTA Online, vehicles such as the Jester Classic, Sultan RS or Elegy Retro Custom can largely be viewed as 'Tuner Cars'. ![]() 'Tuner Cars' are vehicles that have been through significant modifications, to the point that it no longer has the majority of original parts or resembles the factory model. On July 20, the underground tuner scene in Los Santos roars back to life with the launch of GTA Online: Los Santos Tuners. Fundamentally 'car tuning' is the modification of a car in an attempt to optimise its performance, hopefully for the better. What is a Tuner Car in GTA Online?įirst, for the sake of anyone who isn't a gear head, let us explain exactly what Tuner cars are. So buckle up, here's your complete low down. Car Vehicle Upgrades For PS5 And Xbox Series Xįor the sake of this page, we're going to be taking a look at the games all new cars. ![]() ![]() ![]() “What we speculate may be going on here, is that there are tradeoffs,” said Dan Stahler, project leader for the Yellowstone Wolf Project. However, after studying years of reproductive history, they found that gray females had a 25% greater litter survival than black females. ![]() Yellowstone wolves with two gray coat color genes are homozygous gray (55% of the population), wolves with two black coat color genes are homozygous black (3% of the population), and wolves with one gray and one black coat color gene are heterozygous black (42% of the population).Īfter analyzing two decades of wolf life history, researchers found that heterozygous black wolves had much higher survival and reproductive rates than their homozygous black counterparts, and were even slightly higher than heterozygous gray wolves. The black coat color gene is dominant, meaning that when paired with a gray coat color gene, the wolf will have a black outer coat rather than gray. Researchers introduced canine distemper to the cell cultures in an attempt to learn how black and gray wolves respond to the disease preliminary results suggest the response is unique to coat color.Ĭoat color is determined by at least three different genes, each of which comes as a pair, and the gene can either be for gray or black coat color. The research, conducted by Yellowstone biologists in partnership with the University of California, Los Angeles, relied on CRISPR technology to analyze cell cultures derived from wild Yellowstone wolves. Wolves with black coats had higher survival rates when exposed to canine distemper than did wolves with gray coats, along with strong reproductive success and other vital rates. Gray wolves have a variety of outer coat colors (gray, white, black, tan, etc.) but new research is revealing that, at least for wolves in Yellowstone National Park, coat color has a surprising link to overall health. End of Summer WCC Pupdate – Silas and Kazoo. ![]() |
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